
*{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-behavior:smooth}body{margin:0;color:var(--ink);background:var(--paper);font-family:var(--sans);font-size:17px;line-height:1.65}a{color:inherit;text-underline-offset:.23em}a:hover{text-decoration-thickness:2px}button,input,textarea,select{font:inherit}button{cursor:pointer}img,svg{max-width:100%}h1,h2,h3,p{margin-top:0}h1,h2,h3{line-height:1.08;letter-spacing:-.035em}h1{font-size:clamp(2.7rem,6.6vw,6.4rem);font-weight:500}h2{font-size:clamp(2rem,3.5vw,3.5rem);font-weight:500}h3{font-size:1.5rem}p{margin-bottom:1.3em}::selection{background:var(--accent);color:var(--ink)}:focus-visible{outline:3px solid var(--focus);outline-offset:5px}.wrap{width:min(1220px,calc(100% - 80px));margin:auto}.skip{position:absolute;left:16px;top:-100px;background:var(--ink);color:var(--paper);padding:12px;z-index:10}.skip:focus{top:12px}.site-header{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.header-inner{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:30px;min-height:100px}.brand{font-size:1.3rem;font-weight:750;text-decoration:none;line-height:1.1;letter-spacing:-.04em}.brand-mark{display:inline-grid;place-items:center;margin-right:12px;width:34px;height:34px;background:var(--ink);color:var(--paper);font:700 18px var(--mono);vertical-align:middle}.site-nav{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:25px;font-size:.88rem}.site-nav a{text-decoration:none;padding:10px 0}.site-nav a[aria-current=page]{text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:2px}.site-nav .nav-news{border:1px solid var(--ink);padding:9px 16px}.eyebrow{font:600 .72rem var(--mono);letter-spacing:.13em;text-transform:uppercase;margin-bottom:24px;line-height:1.6}.lead{font-size:1.22rem;line-height:1.55;max-width:650px;color:var(--muted)}.button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:28px;min-height:48px;padding:12px 22px;background:var(--ink);color:var(--paper);border:1px solid var(--ink);text-decoration:none;font-size:.94rem;font-weight:600}.button:hover{filter:brightness(1.2)}.section{padding:70px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.section-head{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:35px;align-items:end;margin-bottom:35px}.section-head h2{margin:0}.section-head p{max-width:350px;color:var(--muted);margin:0}.small{font-size:.87rem;color:var(--muted)}.chip{display:inline-block;padding:3px 9px;border:1px solid var(--line);font:500 .7rem var(--mono);letter-spacing:.04em}.grid-two{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:28px}.note{padding:26px;border-left:3px solid var(--accent);background:var(--soft);margin:30px 0}.note p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.newsletter-band{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:35px;align-items:center;padding:45px 0}.newsletter-band h2{font-size:2.5rem;max-width:600px;margin:0 0 10px}.newsletter-band p{margin:0;color:var(--muted)}.site-footer{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding:45px 0 25px}.footer-top{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:35px}.footer-top p{max-width:400px}.footer-links{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:12px 23px;align-content:start;max-width:450px;font-size:.88rem}.footer-bottom{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:20px;margin-top:35px;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px;font:400 .72rem var(--mono);color:var(--muted)}.page-header{padding:60px 0 38px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.page-header h1{font-size:clamp(2.5rem,5vw,4.8rem);max-width:950px}.breadcrumbs{font:400 .77rem var(--mono);margin:0 0 25px;color:var(--muted)}.reading-layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:200px minmax(0,750px);gap:65px;justify-content:center;padding:50px 0 80px}.reading-aside{font-size:.85rem;color:var(--muted)}.reading-aside a{display:block;margin:14px 0}.prose{min-width:0}.prose h2{font-size:2rem;margin:42px 0 20px}.prose h2:first-child{margin-top:0}.prose h3{font-size:1.3rem;margin:28px 0 15px}.prose p,.prose li{line-height:1.8}.prose li{margin:10px 0}.prose a{overflow-wrap:anywhere}.prose .sources{border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin-top:45px;padding-top:25px;font-size:.9rem}.prose .sources h2{font-size:1.35rem}.table-wrap{overflow-x:auto;border:1px solid var(--line);margin:25px 0}table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;text-align:left;font-size:.93rem}caption{text-align:left;font:500 .75rem var(--mono);padding:14px;background:var(--soft)}th,td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:18px;vertical-align:top}th{font-weight:600;background:var(--soft)}tbody tr:last-child td{border-bottom:0}td:first-child{font-weight:600}form{max-width:700px}.field{display:block;margin-bottom:24px;font-size:.95rem;font-weight:600}.field input,.field textarea,.field select{display:block;width:100%;margin-top:8px;padding:13px 15px;border:1px solid var(--muted);border-radius:0;background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);font-weight:400}.field textarea{resize:vertical;min-height:160px}.field small{display:block;font-weight:400;color:var(--muted);margin-top:7px}.consent{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:12px;margin:20px 0;font-size:.9rem}.consent input{flex:0 0 auto;width:20px;height:20px;margin:5px 0 0;accent-color:var(--ink)}.form-status:empty{display:none}.form-status{padding:15px;border:1px solid var(--line);margin-top:20px}.form-status[data-state=error],.form-status.error{border-color:#a1271b;color:#a1271b}.form-status[data-state=success],.form-status.success{border-color:#23613f}.filters{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px;margin:25px 0}.filters button{border:1px solid var(--line);padding:9px 16px;background:transparent;color:var(--ink);min-height:44px;font-size:.9rem}.filters button[aria-pressed=true]{background:var(--ink);color:var(--paper)}[hidden]{display:none!important}.result-count{font-size:.85rem;color:var(--muted)}.article-card{padding:28px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--soft)}.article-card h3{margin:20px 0 15px;font-size:2rem}.article-card p{color:var(--muted)}.article-card a{display:inline-block}.index-header{padding:70px 0 20px}.index-header h1{max-width:900px}.print-button{padding:9px 14px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:transparent;color:var(--ink);font-size:.85rem}.no-js{padding:15px;background:var(--soft)}
@media(max-width:800px){.wrap{width:calc(100% - 40px)}.header-inner{align-items:flex-start;flex-direction:column;gap:10px;padding:22px 0;min-height:0}.site-nav{gap:20px;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%}.section{padding:45px 0}.section-head{align-items:start;flex-direction:column;gap:20px}.grid-two{grid-template-columns:1fr}.reading-layout{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:20px;padding:30px 0 50px}.reading-aside{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:10px 24px}.reading-aside p{margin:0}.reading-aside a{margin:0}.newsletter-band,.footer-top{flex-direction:column;align-items:start}.footer-bottom{flex-direction:column;gap:8px}.page-header{padding-top:40px}th,td{padding:12px;min-width:140px}.brand{font-size:1.25rem}.newsletter-band h2{font-size:2rem}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}*,*::before,*::after{animation:none!important;transition:none!important}}
@media print{.site-nav,.site-footer,.newsletter-band,.print-button,.filters,.skip{display:none}body{background:white;color:black;font-size:11pt}.wrap{width:100%}.reading-layout{display:block}.reading-aside{display:none}.prose{max-width:none}h1{font-size:30pt!important}h2{break-after:avoid}tr,figure{break-inside:avoid}a{text-decoration:underline}.table-wrap{overflow:visible}.page-header{padding:20px 0}}


:root{--ink:#182431;--paper:#fff;--accent:#b9ccff;--soft:#f0f4fb;--muted:#526277;--line:#c6d1e1;--focus:#174bea;--sans:'Segoe UI',Arial,sans-serif;--mono:Consolas,'Courier New',monospace}
.model .brand-mark{background:#174bea;color:#fff}.model .button{background:#174bea;border-color:#174bea}.model h1,.model h2{font-weight:650;letter-spacing:-.055em}.model-hero{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.45fr 1fr;gap:80px;padding:75px 0 65px;align-items:center}.model-hero h1{font-size:clamp(3rem,6.3vw,6.2rem);line-height:1.02}.model-hero h1 span{color:#174bea}.specimen-board{border:1px solid #174bea;padding:25px;background-color:#f0f4fb;background-image:linear-gradient(#c6d1e144 1px,transparent 1px),linear-gradient(90deg,#c6d1e144 1px,transparent 1px);background-size:20px 20px;box-shadow:10px 10px 0 #e1e8f4}.board-heading{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;font:10px var(--mono);letter-spacing:.06em;color:#174bea}.board-icon{font-size:24px}.specimen-board h2{font-size:2.6rem;margin:28px 0}.board-row{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:18px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);padding:15px;margin:8px 0;font-size:.9rem}.board-row span{font:12px var(--mono);color:#174bea}.board-row span:last-child{margin-left:auto}.specimen-board p{font:12px/1.7 var(--mono);margin:22px 0 0}.model-principles{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding:22px 0;gap:25px;font-size:.8rem;color:var(--muted)}.model-principles b{display:block;color:var(--ink);font:11px var(--mono);text-transform:uppercase;margin-bottom:4px}.specimen-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:18px;margin-bottom:55px}.specimen-card{position:relative;border:1px solid var(--line);padding:24px 25px 30px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;min-height:340px;background:#fff;transition:border-color .15s}.specimen-card:hover{border-color:#174bea}.specimen-top{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;font:10px var(--mono);color:#174bea;letter-spacing:.05em;margin-bottom:34px}.specimen-card h3{font-size:1.8rem;line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:-.04em}.specimen-card h3 a{text-decoration:none}.specimen-card h3 a:hover{text-decoration:underline}.specimen-card p{font-size:.97rem;color:var(--muted)}.specimen-kind{font:11px var(--mono);margin-top:auto;padding-top:22px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.model-method{background:#f0f4fb}.model-method p{max-width:480px}.model-method h2{font-size:2.5rem}.model .page-header .eyebrow{color:#174bea}.search-field{max-width:650px}.search-field input{border:1px solid #174bea}.calculator{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.1fr 1fr;gap:65px;padding:50px 0}.calc-fields{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:0 20px}.calc-fields .small{grid-column:1/-1}.calc-panel{background:#174bea;color:#fff;padding:35px;align-self:start;position:sticky;top:24px}.calc-panel output{display:block;font-size:clamp(2rem,4vw,4rem);font-weight:650;line-height:1.1;letter-spacing:-.05em;margin:20px 0}.calc-panel p{font-size:.9rem}.calc-panel .eyebrow{font-size:.7rem}.calc-panel dl{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr auto;border-top:1px solid #7898f8;padding-top:20px;font-size:.9rem;gap:15px}.calc-panel dd{margin:0}.calc-explanation{max-width:780px;margin:auto}.formula-note{padding:24px;background:#f0f4fb;border:1px solid var(--line);font:14px/1.7 var(--mono)}.formula-note p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}
@media(max-width:1000px){.model-hero{gap:40px}.specimen-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.calculator{gap:30px}}@media(max-width:700px){.model-hero{grid-template-columns:1fr;padding-top:40px}.specimen-board{max-width:480px}.model-principles{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:13px}.model-principles b{display:inline;margin-right:15px}.specimen-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.specimen-card{min-height:0}.specimen-top{margin-bottom:22px}.calculator{grid-template-columns:1fr}.calc-panel{position:static}.calc-fields{grid-template-columns:1fr}.calc-panel output{font-size:2.8rem}.specimen-board h2{font-size:2.3rem}}
.calc-panel{min-width:0}.calc-panel output{overflow-wrap:anywhere}.calc-panel dl{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,1fr)}.calc-panel dd{text-align:right;overflow-wrap:anywhere}
.source-method{background:#f8faff}.source-diagram{margin:28px 0 32px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:white;min-width:0}.diagram-scroll{overflow-x:auto;padding:22px 16px;overscroll-behavior-inline:contain}.source-diagram img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;min-width:760px;max-width:none}.source-diagram figcaption{border-top:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--soft);padding:22px;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:start;gap:26px;font-size:.84rem;line-height:1.6}.source-diagram figcaption p{margin:10px 0 12px;max-width:780px;color:var(--muted)}.source-diagram figcaption a{font-size:.78rem}.diagram-full{white-space:nowrap}.prose .source-diagram figcaption{display:block}.prose .diagram-full{display:inline-block;margin-top:18px}.source-diagram img[src*="taxonomy"]{min-width:980px}
.source-diagram .diagram-hint{display:none;margin:0;padding:12px 16px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);font:.75rem/1.6 var(--mono);color:var(--muted);background:var(--soft)}.prose .source-diagram .diagram-hint{display:block}
.topic-map{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);border:1px solid var(--line);margin:30px 0 55px;background:#fff}.topic-map a{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:10px;min-height:150px;padding:24px;border-right:1px solid var(--line);text-decoration:none}.topic-map a:last-child{border-right:0}.topic-map a:hover{background:#f0f4fb}.topic-map strong{font-size:1.15rem;line-height:1.2}.topic-map span{font:10px/1.5 var(--mono);color:#174bea;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.08em}.topic-map small{color:var(--muted);line-height:1.5}.guide-path{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:18px;margin:25px 0 45px}.guide-path article{border:1px solid var(--line);padding:24px;background:#fff}.guide-path h3{margin:12px 0}.guide-path h3 a{text-decoration:none}.guide-path h3 a:hover{text-decoration:underline}.guide-path .step{font:10px var(--mono);color:#174bea;letter-spacing:.08em}.field-check{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:12px;margin:24px 0}.field-check div{border:1px solid var(--line);padding:18px;background:var(--soft)}.field-check strong{display:block;margin-bottom:7px}.prose blockquote{margin:28px 0;padding:22px 26px;border-left:3px solid #174bea;background:#f0f4fb;font-size:1.08rem}.prose blockquote p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.source-status{display:inline-block;padding:5px 9px;background:#eef3ff;color:#174bea;font:10px var(--mono);letter-spacing:.05em;text-transform:uppercase}.coverage-note{padding:22px;border:1px dashed #174bea;background:#f8faff;margin:28px 0}.coverage-note p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}
.field-visual{margin:30px 0 42px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#f8faff}.field-visual img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto}.field-visual figcaption{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:24px;align-items:start;padding:18px 20px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;font-size:.82rem;line-height:1.55}.field-visual figcaption strong{color:var(--ink)}.field-visual figcaption span{color:var(--muted);max-width:620px}.cabinet-visual{margin:30px 0 45px}.prose .field-visual{margin-left:min(-6vw,-45px);margin-right:min(-6vw,-45px)}
@media(max-width:800px){.source-diagram .diagram-hint{display:block}}
@media(max-width:800px){.topic-map{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.topic-map a:nth-child(2){border-right:0}.topic-map a{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.topic-map a:nth-last-child(-n+2){border-bottom:0}}
@media(max-width:620px){.topic-map,.guide-path,.field-check{grid-template-columns:1fr}.topic-map a{border-right:0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)!important}.topic-map a:last-child{border-bottom:0!important}}
@media(max-width:800px){.prose .field-visual{margin-left:0;margin-right:0}.field-visual{overflow-x:auto;overscroll-behavior-inline:contain}.field-visual::before{content:"Swipe to inspect the field plate  →";display:block;position:sticky;left:0;width:calc(100vw - 42px);padding:10px 14px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;font:10px/1.5 var(--mono);color:var(--muted);box-sizing:border-box}.field-visual img{min-width:720px;max-width:none}.field-visual figcaption{display:block;min-width:720px}.field-visual figcaption span{display:block;margin-top:7px}}
@media(max-width:700px){.source-diagram figcaption{display:block;padding:18px}.source-diagram .diagram-full{display:inline-block;margin-top:18px}.diagram-scroll{padding:16px 12px}.source-diagram{margin:20px 0 28px}}
